The 2015 natural experiment the single strongest piece of evidence available
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Grade 9 science pass rate, before and after enforcement
Matriculation results, historical and recent
A near-doubling of pass rates between two consecutive grades in the same session is difficult to explain by a single year of instruction.
Structural exposure by area the conditions the research identifies, measured from the school register
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Exposure index
Coverage check whether the register actually covers every district before any of it is ranked
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Districts whose stages are not in their own rows
This check runs before the ranking, because a district recording no examination stage would otherwise appear at the bottom of the exposure list as though it were doing well.
What counts as cheating the forms, where they happen, and who is involved
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How it changes from Grade 1 to Grade 12
The four-factor model
Factor loadings from the research. The heavier a factor, the more of the behaviour it explains — and the first three are the ones this module can measure by area.
Taxonomy
Treating cheating as one behaviour is the first mistake most school policies make. A child copying a neighbour and a network selling a leaked paper require entirely different responses.
Solutions a five-tier framework, what fails, and the order to do it in
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The governing principle
Can we act on it? every measure checked against the data this system actually holds
The report says what to do. It does not say what data doing it needs — and a plan whose first step needs a file nobody has is not a plan. Each measure below is checked against this project's own register.
The five tiers
Ordered deliberately. The framework begins with what is assessed and works outward, because the situational and institutional factors carry the greatest weight and neither moral appeal nor punishment works in isolation.
Parents and communities
What does not work
Each of these has been tried somewhere and measured. They are listed because they are the measures most likely to be proposed first.
Implementation roadmap
Three phases. Enforcement appears in Phase 1 and remedial teaching in Phase 2 on purpose — closing the route to passing dishonestly before opening a route to passing honestly is what caused every previous campaign to be abandoned.